Histological Techniques for the Study of the Dentogingival Junction: A Scoping Review Using the Anatomical Quality Assurance Checklist (AQUA) / Técnicas Histológicas para el Estudio de la Unión Dentogingival: Una Revisión de Alcance Utilizando el Anatomical Quality Assurance Checklist (AQUA)

SUMMARY: The dentogingival junction (DGJ) is an adaptation of the oral mucosa composed of epithelial and connective tissues intimately related with the mineralised tissues of the tooth. The histological evidence available is mainly based on studies in animals, separate evaluations of hard and soft tissues, and studies using conventional histological techniques that eliminate the enamel from preparations. The aim of this study was to carry out a review of the existing evidence on histological techniques available for study of the tooth and periodontium in conjunction in humans. A scoping review was carried out of the available literature referring to study of the tooth and the periodontium in conjunction in humans, in the Web of Science (WoS), EMBASE, Scopus and SciELO databases, using the terms "Histological Techniques"[Mesh]) and "Epithelial Attachment"[Mesh]. One hundred and fifty-nine articles were found, of which 54 were selected for full- text reading. Ten were finally included in the qualitative synthesis, and we applied the Anatomical Quality Assurance (AQUA) checklist for analysis the methodological quality of the selected articles. The results showed that the only articles with a low risk of bias in all five domains according to the AQUA criteria corresponded to Silva et al. (2011) and Agustín-Panadero et al. (2020). Finally, we conclude that the quality of the histological sections to observe tissues that simultaneously contain the tooth and the periodontium, is conditioned by the selected technique and by the care required in certain specific tasks during the histological processing of the samples.

La unión dentogingival (DGJ) es una adaptación de la mucosa oral compuesta por tejidos epitelial y conectivo íntimamente relacionados con los tejidos mineralizados del diente. La evidencia histológica disponible se basa principalmente en estudios en animales, evaluaciones separadas de tejidos duros y blandos y estudios utilizando técnicas histológicas convencionales que eliminan el esmalte de las preparaciones. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión de la evidencia existente sobre las técnicas histológicas disponibles para el estudio del diente y el periodonto en conjunto en humanos. Se realizó un scoping review de la literatura disponible referente al estudio del diente y el periodonto en conjunto en humanos, en las bases de datos Web of Science (WoS), EMBASE, Scopus y SciELO, utilizando los términos "Histological Techniques"[Mesh]) y "Epithelial Attachment"[Mesh]. Se encontraron 159 artículos, de los cuales 54 fueron seleccionados para lectura de texto completo. Diez fueron finalmente incluidos en la síntesis cualitativa, y se aplicó la lista de verificación Anatómica Quality Assurance (AQUA) para el análisis de la calidad metodológica de los artículos seleccionados. Los resultados mostraron que los únicos artículos con bajo riesgo de sesgo en los cinco dominios según los criterios AQUA correspondían a Silva et al. (2011) y Agustín-Panadero et al. (2020). Finalmente, concluimos que la calidad de los cortes histológicos para observar los tejidos que contienen simultáneamente el diente y el periodonto, está condicionada por la técnica seleccionada y por el cuidado requerido en ciertas tareas específicas durante el procesamiento histológico de las muestras.

Utilidad de la coloración de Giemsa para diagnosticar Helicobacter pylori en pacientes con lesiones preneoplásicas / The usefulness of Giemsa staining to diagnose Helicobacter pylori in patients with preneoplastic lesions

Resumen Introducción: Helicobacter pylori es una bacteria asociada con enfermedades gastroduodenales inflamatorias y neoplásicas. La histopatología es uno de los métodos diagnósticos empleados para su detección, la cual tiene sensibilidad del 90% al 95% cuando hay alta densidad de H. pylori; sin embargo, la bacteria puede pasar desapercibida en infecciones de baja densidad porque la coloración de rutina de hematoxilina y eosina (H&E) no es una tinción específica para su detección y presenta variabilidad interobservador. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la utilidad de la tinción complementaria de Giemsa para el diagnóstico de H. pylori en lesiones preneoplásicas en las que la bacteria se encuentra en baja densidad. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo y prospectivo que incluyó a 65 pacientes con diagnóstico de lesiones preneoplásicas. Las biopsias gástricas se tiñeron con H&E y Giemsa, y fueron evaluadas por dos patólogos. Resultados: la coloración de Giemsa diagnosticó 20,3% de casos más de infección por H. pylori que la H&E, la mayoría de ellos con baja densidad de la bacteria. No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en el diagnóstico de H. pylori de acuerdo con el tipo de muestra. Conclusión: este estudio encontró que la tinción de Giemsa mejora el diagnóstico histopatológico de H. pylori en pacientes con lesiones preneoplásicas.

Abstract Introduction: Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium associated with inflammatory and neoplastic gastroduodenal diseases. Histopathology is one of the diagnostic methods used for its detection, which has a sensitivity of 90% to 95% when there is a high density of H. pylori; however, the bacterium may be missed in low-density infections because routine hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining is not specific for its detection and has interobserver variability. This study aimed to determine the usefulness of complementary Giemsa staining for diagnosing H. pylori in preneoplastic lesions where the bacterium was found in low density. Materials and methods: A retrospective/prospective descriptive study was carried out that included 65 patients diagnosed with preneoplastic lesions. Gastric biopsies were stained with H&E and Giemsa and evaluated by two pathologists. Results: Giemsa staining analyzed 20.3% more cases of H. pylori than H&E, most with a low density of the bacteria. There were no statistically significant differences in the diagnosis of H. pylori according to the sample type. Conclusion: This study found that Giemsa staining improves the histopathological diagnosis of H. pylori in patients with preneoplastic lesions.

Detection of antigens in paraffin sections of worms and snails infected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis by immunofluorescence reaction / Detecção de antígenos em cortes parafinados de vermes e caramujos infectados por Angiostrongylus cantonensis pela reação de imunofluorescência

The Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay (IFA) was used to identify stage-specific antigenic structures in paraffin sections of female larvae and worms and snails tissues, infected with third stage larvae of Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Sera from eosinophilic meningitis cases were used to assess reactivity. Non-reactive sera from patients with other parasitic diseases and from individuals without other etiologies were used as controls for cross-reactivity. Larvae and worms showed high reactivity to IgG antibodies. IgM antibodies reacted with low intensity only to larvae. Fluorescent reactions were observed in the cuticles and internal structures on worms sections, with a marked reaction in the uterus content. In the snail tissues, the larvae were found exclusively inside the granulomas, with fluorescent markings in the cuticles of the larvae and inside the granulomatous tissues. This fluorescent pattern suggests the presence of excretory/secretory antigens distributed throughout the granulomas. Expressive cross-reactivity occurred in sera from patients with other parasitic diseases, especially strongyloidiasis. The use of IFA applied to paraffin sections to identify structures with antigenic potential and the study of new serological markers, can contribute to the improvement of the laboratory diagnosis of eosinophilic meningitis. (AU)

A Reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (RIFI) foi utilizada para localizar antígenos em estruturas estágio-específicas em cortes parafinados de vermes fêmeas e em tecidos de caramujos do Gênero Biomphalaria infectados com larvas de terceiro estágio de Angiostrongylus cantonensis. Soros de casos confirmados de meningite eosinfílica foram usados para avaliação da reatividade. Soros não reagentes de casos suspeitos; de pacientes com outras parasitoses e de indivíduos sem outras etiologias foram utilizados como controle de reatividade cruzada. Anticorpos da classe IgG foram reativos para antígenos presentes nos dois estágios e, anticorpos IgM somente para o estágio larvário. Nos cortes de vermes, as marcações fluorescentes foram assinaladas nas cutículas e estruturas internas, com acentuada marcação para os conteúdos uterinos. Nos tecidos dos caramujos as larvas foram encontradas exclusivamente no interior dos granulomas, com marcações fluorescentes nas cutículas das larvas e no interior dos tecidos granulomatosos. O padrão de fluorescência no granuloma sugere a marcação de antígenos excretores/secretores. Reatividade cruzada mais expressiva ocorreu com anticorpos presentes em soros de pacientes com outras parasitoses, com destaque para estrongiloidíase. A RIFI em cortes parafinados abre novas perspectivas para identificação de antígenos e de marcadores sorológicos, que possam ser aplicados no aprimoramento do diagnóstico laboratorial da meningite eosinofílica. (AU)

Videoteca para el desarrollo de habilidades prácticas sobre técnicas histológicas básicas / Video Library for the Development of Practical Skills on Basic Histological Techniques

Se desarrolló una investigación de innovación tecnológica con el objetivo de contribuir, a través de videos y enlaces a páginas con elementos teóricos, al desarrollo de habilidades prácticas sobre técnicas histológicas básicas que incluye el procesamiento de los tejidos para ser observados en el microscopio óptico; así como la tinción de éstos con Hematoxilina y eosina. Para su diseño se empleó una plantilla web (boostrap, html5, CCS). En cuanto a los aspectos metodológicos: se tuvo en cuenta el programa de formación de residentes en la especialidad de Histología y de pregrado de la asignatura de Células, tejidos y tegumentario, propuesto por la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de La Habana (UCM H). Se validó el producto a través del criterio de expertos y de usuarios; obteniéndose un elevado nivel de aceptación; permitiendo el desarrollo de habilidades prácticas, de forma amena y científica en los estudiantes y residentes de la especialidad de Histología(AU)

A technological innovation research was developed with the aim of contributing, through videos and links to pages with theoretical elements, to the development of practical skills on basic histological techniques that includes the processing of tissues to be observed in the optical microscope; as well as staining of these with Hematoxylin and eosin. For its design a web template (boostrap, html5, CCS) was used. The methodological aspects taking into account were: the training program for residents in the specialty of Histology and undergraduate program of the Cells, Tissues and Integumentary subject, proposed by the UCM H. The product was validated through the criteria of experts and users; obtaining a high level of acceptance; allowing the development of practical skills, in an entertaining and scientific way in students and residents of the specialty of Histology(AU)

Complete enucleation surgical treatment and histological analysis of a mucocele in lower lip in a child: case report / Tratamiento quirúrgico de enucleación completa y análisis histológico de un mucocele en el labio inferior en un niño: reporte de caso

Objective: The aim of this case report is to describe the surgical removal of a mucocele and its histological analysis, in a child. Case Report: An 11-year-old female patient attended the Pediatric Dentistry clinic complaining of a lower lip lesion. During the anamnesis, the mother reported that the child had a habit of biting and sucking the spot frequently. Clinical examination showed the lesion was compatible with a mucocele. The proposed treatment was a complete enucleation of the lesion under local anesthesia. The incision and tissue divulsion were performed for maximum preservation of the mucosa, avoiding a possible recurrence. Total adjacent glands removal was also performed. The lesion was placed in 10% formaldehyde for histopathological analysis (H&E Staining), which showed dense connective tissue presenting chronic inflammatory infiltrate and extravasated mucin, presence of granulation tissue delimiting the area of extravasated mucin and presence of minor salivary glands. The patient was advised to quit the habit, and after seven days the sutures were removed. At the one-year follow-up there was no recurrence of the lesion. Conclusion: The proposed treatment proved to be effective without recurrence of the lesion.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este reporte de caso es describir la extirpación quirúrgica de un mucocele y su análisis histológico en un niño. Informe del caso: una paciente de 11 años de edad asistió a la clínica de Odontopediatria quejándose de una lesión en el labio inferior. Durante la anamnesis, la madre informó que el niño tenía la costumbre de morder y chupar el lugar con frecuencia. En el examen clínico, la lesión fue compatible con un mucocele. El tratamiento propuesto fue una enucleación completa de la lesión bajo anestesia local. La incisión y la divulgación del tejido se realizaron para la máxima preservación de la mucosa, evitando una posible recurrencia. También se realizó la extracción total de las glándulas adyacentes. La lesión se colocó en formaldehído al 10% para el análisis histopatológico (tinción H&E), que mostró tejido conectivo denso que presenta infiltrado inflamatorio crónico y mucina extravasada, presencia de tejido de granulación que delimita el área de mucina extravasada y presencia de glándulas salivales menores. Se aconsejó al paciente que abandonara el hábito, y después de siete días se retiraron las suturas. En el seguimiento de un año no hubo recurrencia de la lesión. Conclusión: El tratamiento propuesto demostró ser efectivo sin recurrencia de la lesión.

Fundamentos pedagógicos y didácticos de la enseñanza de las técnicas histológicas básicas en la formación de posgrado

Hace algunos años se observa una progresiva demanda del perfeccionamiento en el marco del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de la especialidad de Histología, debido a que el progreso tecnológico ha incrementado de modo considerable el rango de las opciones de los medios a disposición de los estudiantes y profesores. Por lo tanto la presente investigación tiene como objetivo conocer los antecedentes para la asignatura Técnicas Histológicas Básicas II, el cual se sustenta en un sistema teórico que fundamenta el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, la definición del objeto de la asignatura y del modo de actuación profesional para las especialidades Histología, Embriología y Anatomía Patológica en el contexto nacional e internacional. Se concluye que una de las funciones fundamentales de la Universidad como órgano encargado de mantener y desarrollar la cultura social es la formación de posgrado, la cual se considera como el proceso formativo para la creación del conocimiento a modo de valor. Entre sus funciones básicas está desarrollar la investigación tecnológica y cultural con el objetivo de promover el desarrollo sostenible y garantizar la autogestión del aprendizaje y la socialización del conocimiento.

Some years ago, a progressive demand for improvement has been observed within the framework of the teaching-learning process of the Histology specialty, because technological progress has considerably increased the range of media options available for students and teachers. Therefore, the objective of this research is to know the antecedents for the subject Basic Histological Techniques II, which is based on a theoretical system that supports the teaching-learning process, the definition of the object within the subject field, and the way of professional performance for the specialties Histology, Embryology and Pathological Anatomy in the national and international context. As the institution responsible for maintaining and developing social culture, one of the fundamental functions of the University is concluded to be postgraduate training, which is considered the formative process for the creation of knowledge as a value. Its basic functions include to develop technological and cultural research with the aim of promoting sustainable development and to guarantee self-management of learning and the socialization of knowledge.

Tissue microarray: physical and chemical parameters involved in the construction of recipient blocks / Microarranjo de tecidos: parâmetros físicos e químicos envolvidos na construção dos blocos receptores

ABSTRACT Introduction: Tissue microarray (TMA) is considered an innovative method in several fields, with a great diversity of applications and advantages over traditional histomorphometric techniques. The most important advantage that TMA offers is the simultaneous evaluation of a large number of specimens from a limited source of material. However, TMA exhibits a high rate of non-viable samples in the final stages of the process, which compromise their use in analyzes that can not be repeated. Objective: Considering this disadvantage, the objective of this study was to optimize the methodology to maximize the viability of the samples, as well as to increase the efficiency of the technique. Material and methods: For this purpose, several variables involved in the construction of the recipient blocks, including paraffin composition, diameter, spacing distance, localization and type of the tissue samples in the block were tested in order to establish correlations between the quality of the values and the parameters studied. Results: The results showed that the blocks built with polymer-enriched paraffin, subjected to the fusion protocol at 37ºC, associated to a tempering, and constructed with one millimeter diameter samples and 1000 µm spacing between tissues, produced slides whith superior features. Conclusion: The data obtained from the physical and chemical adjustments of the TMA recipient blocks provided vital information that, when applied in TMA research projects, may reduce the losses associated with the method.

RESUMO Introdução: O microarranjo tecidual (MAT) é considerado um método inovador em vários campos, com uma vasta diversidade de aplicações e vantagens em relação às técnicas histomorfométricas clássicas. A vantagem mais importante que o MAT oferece é a avaliação simultânea de um grande número de espécimes de uma fonte limitada de material. Contudo, ele apresenta uma taxa elevada de amostras não viáveis nos estádios finais do processo, o que compromete sua utilização em análises que não podem ser repetidas. Objetivos: Considerando essa desvantagem, o objetivo deste estudo foi otimizar a metodologia para maximizar a viabilidade das amostras, bem como aumentar a eficiência da técnica. Material e métodos: Para tanto, foram testadas várias variáveis envolvidas na construção dos blocos receptores, como composição da parafina, diâmetro, distância de espaçamento, localização e tipo das amostras de tecido no bloco, a fim de estabelecer correlações entre a qualidade dos valores e os parâmetros estudados. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que os blocos construídos com parafina enriquecida em polímero, submetidos ao protocolo de fusão a 37ºC, acoplados a ciclos de aquecimento e resfriamento e construídos com amostras de um milímetro de diâmetro e espaçamento entre os tecidos de 1000 µm, produziram lâminas com características superiores. Conclusão: Os dados obtidos dos ajustes físicos e químicos dos blocos de receptores de MAT forneceram informações vitais que, quando aplicadas em projetos de pesquisa de MAT, podem reduzir as perdas associadas ao método.

Tumor neuroendocrino de la mama. Presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura

Los carcinomas neuroendocrinos primarios de mama son neoplasias raras que representan entre un 2 y un 5 % de los tumores mamarios. Para su diagnóstico se requiere que más del 50 % del tumor presente marcadores neuroendocrinos. Estos tumores que se observan principalmente en mujeres de edad avanzada se presentan como una masa bien delimitada, generalmente no acompañada de adenopatías axilares. El pronóstico de este tipo de cáncer todavía no está muy claro, aunque estudios recientes demuestran que es similar al de los carcinomas ductales infiltrantes convencionales. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 76 años que acudió a consulta por presentar gran tumoración que ocupaba prácticamente toda la mama derecha sin adenopatías axilares y la cual fue informada mediante biopsia por parafina como un carcinoma neuroendocrino. Este es el primer tumor de esta característica histológica diagnosticado en Cienfuegos, por lo cual se considera de interés científico su publicación.

Primary neuroendocrine carcinomas of the breast are rare neoplasms, accounting for 2 to 5 % of breast tumors. For their diagnosis it is required that more than 50 % of the tumor present neuroendocrine features. These tumors which are observed mainly in elderly women, present as a well-defined mass, usually unaccompanied by axillary lymphadenopathy. The prognosis for this type of cancer is not enough clear yet, although recent studies show that it is similar to that of conventional infiltrating ductal carcinomas. We present the case of a 76-year-old patient who came to the clinic for having a large tumor that occupied almost all of the right breast without axillary lymphadenopathy and which was informed by paraffin biopsy as a neuroendocrine carcinoma. This is the first tumor of this histological characteristic diagnosed in Cienfuegos, reason why its publication is considered of scientific interest.

Princípios do processamento histológico de rotina / Principles of histological processing

O presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar um breve histórico do desenvolvimento das técnicas de preparo de tecido para observação em microscopia óptica e descrever as fases do processamento histológico de rotina em laboratórios de anatomia patológica e compilar as principais variações em cada etapa, bem como observar as principais causas de falhas técnicas nestes procedimentos.

This study aimed to carry out a brief history of the development of tissue preparation techniques for observation with optical microscopy and describe the stages of histological processing in pathology laboratories and compile the main changes in each step and observe the main causes of technical flaws in these procedures.

Correlação da composição de placas à histologia virtual com proteína C-reativa / Correlation between plaque composition as assessed by virtual histology and C-reactive protein

FUNDAMENTOS: Estudos prévios demonstram que o principal determinante de vulnerabilidade da placa aterosclerótica é a sua composição. Recentemente, diversos métodos de imagens e marcadores laboratoriais têm sido investigados visando identificar lesões vulneráveis. O ultrassom com Histologia Virtual® (HV) permite a diferenciação e quantificação dos componentes da placa. Por sua vez, a proteína C-reativa (PCR) é apontada como importante preditor de eventos adversos. A correlação entre este marcador e as características da placa não é bem estabelecida. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a constituição da lesão culpada em pacientes com síndrome coronária aguda (SCA) - conforme caracterizada pela HV - e investigar a relação dos componentes da placa com o marcador inflamatório PCR. MÉTODOS: Cinquenta e dois pacientes com SCA e com indicação de intervenção coronária percutânea foram submetidos a dosagens de PCR de alta sensibilidade antes e 24 horas após a ICP. Análise por ultrassom HV da lesão-alvo foi realizada antes da ICP. RESULTADOS: A média de idade foi de 55,3 ± 4,9 anos, sendo 76,9% homens, 67,3% hipertensos e 30,8% diabéticos. A área luminal mínima foi de 3,9 ± 1,3 mm², e a carga de placa de 69 ± 11,3%. Os componentes da placa foram assim identificados: fibrótico (59,6 ± 15,8%), fibrolipídico (7,6 ± 8,2%), cálcio (12,1 ± 9,2%), necrótico (20,7 ± 12,7%). Não observamos correlação entre os níveis basais de PCR ou a variação dentre os valores pré e pós-ICP com os componentes da placa. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo, a composição das placas pela HV foi predominantemente fibrótica, com alto conteúdo necrótico. Não foi encontrada correlação entre a PCR e os componentes da lesão culpada em pacientes com SCA.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that coronary plaque composition plays a pivotal role in plaque instability, and imaging modalities and serum biomarkers have been investigated to identify vulnerable plaque. Virtual histology IVUS (VH-IVUS) characterizes plaque components as calcified, fibrotic, fibrofatty, or necrotic core. C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is an independent risk factor and a powerful predictor of future coronary events. However, a relationship between inflammatory response indicated by CRP and plaque characteristics in ACS patients remains not well established. OBJECTIVE: To determine, by using VH-IVUS, the relation between coronary plaque components and plasma high-sensitivity CRP levels in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). METHODS: 52 patients with ACS were enrolled in this prospective study. Electrocardiographically-gated VH-IVUS were performed in the culprit lesion before PCI. Blood sample was drawn from all patients before the procedure and after 24 hours, and hs-CRP levels were determined. RESULTS: Mean age was 55.3±4.9 years, 76.9% were men and 30.9% had diabetes. Mean MLA was 3.9±1.3 mm², and plaque burden was 69±11.3%, as assessed by IVUS. VH-IVUS analysis at the minimum luminal site identified plaque components: fibrotic (59.6±15.8%), fibrofatty (7.6±8.2%), dense calcium (12.1±9.2%) and necrotic core (20.7±12.7%). Plasma hs-CRP (mean 16.02±18.07 mg/L) did not correlate with necrotic core (r=-0.089, p = 0.53) and other plaque components. CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective study with patients with ACS, the predominant components of the culprit plaque were fibrotic and necrotic core. Serum hs C-reactive protein levels did not correlate with plaque composition.

Coloraciones histológicas vs. Microscopia electrónica de transmisión para detección de biopelículas en pacientes con rinosinusitis crónica en el Hospital Universitario de La Samaritana, en el año 2011 / Histological stainings versus Electronic Microscopy Biofilms transmission for detecting biofilms in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis in the Samaritana’s Hospital. 2011

Objetivo: Determinar la concordancia entre Microscopia de Luz vs. Microscopia Electrónica de Transmisión, para la detección de biopelículas en pacientes con rinosinusitis crónica. Diseño: Estudio de concordancia. Materiales y métodos: Analizamos 34 muestras de pacientes llevados a cirugía endoscópica funcional por rinosinusitis crónica. Fueron procesadas para valoración mediante microscopia de luz usando hematoxilina-eosina, gram, ácido peryódico de Schiff, Giemsa y Microscopia Electrónica de Transmisión (MET). Resultados: No se identificaron biopelículas en ninguna de las muestras analizadas bajo MET; estos resultados concuerdan con los obtenidos con las coloraciones histológicas hematoxilina-eosina (H-E), Gram, Giemsa y ácido peryódico de Schiff (PAS), y muestran una concordancia absoluta con el test de Kappa para resultados negativos del 100%…

Objectives: Determine the concordance between light microscopy vs. Transmission Electron Microscopy for the detection of biofilms in patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Design: Materials and Methods: We analyzed 34 samples of patients who underwent Functional Endoscopic Surgery for Chronic Rhinosinusitis. These were processed for evaluation by light microscopy using Hematoxylin-Eosin, Gram, periodic acid- Schiff, Giemsa and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Results: Biofilm was not identified in any of the samples analyzed under transmission electron microscopy (TEM), these results are consistent with the results obtained with hematoxylin-eosin histological staining (HE), Gram, Giemsa and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), showing an absolute concordance with Kappa test of 100% for negative results. Conclusion: There is a high correlation between the findings observed between the TEM and light microscopy for the negative results…

Role of dilute alcohol in the removal of fine wrinkles from paraffin sections, a histo-technical study / Rol del alcohol diluido en la eliminación de arrugas finas desde secciones de parafina, un estudio histotécnico

Histotechnology is concerned with processing and preparing of the body tissue in such a manner as to enable a satisfactory study of it. Section cutting is an integral part of histology and histopathology. It is an art by itself requiring skill and knowledge on the part of technician or the person who needs to do section cutting. In the routine method of preparing paraffin sections, it is often encountered by the presence of artefacts like fine wrinkles or folds. Attempts have been made to remove the wrinkles by floating the sections in the warm water bath. However this method has not been able to remove all the wrinkles from the sections. We have designed a simple and reliable method, in which the paraffin sections were floated over the ethyl alcohol diluted with water (1:15) before they were placed in the water bath. Through this method, we have been able to get the wrinkle free sections of superior quality. The advantage of our method is that, it is easy to prepare the dilute alcohol and is cost effective. This method can be used by the histology and pathology technicians and the researchers.

Histotecnología se refiere a la elaboración y preparación de los tejidos del cuerpo de tal forma que permitan un estudio satisfactorio de éste. El corte seccionado es una parte integral de la histología y la histopatología. Es un arte por sí mismo que requiere habilidad y conocimiento por parte del técnico o la persona que tiene que hacer el corte de la sección. En el método de rutina de la preparación de las secciones de parafina se encuentra a menudo la presencia de artefactos como arrugas finas o pliegues. Se han hecho intentos para eliminar las arrugas por flotación de las secciones en el baño de agua tibia. Sin embargo, este método no ha sido capaz de eliminar todas las arrugas de las secciones. Hemos diseñado un método sencillo y fiable, en el que las secciones de parafina fueron colocadas por flotación sobre alcohol etílico diluido con agua (1:15) antes de ser colocado en el baño de agua. A través de este método, hemos sido capaces de obtener secciones sin arrugas de calidad superior. La ventaja de nuestro método es que, es fácil de preparar el alcohol diluido y es rentable. Este método puede ser utilizado por los técnicos de histología, patología e investigadores.

Mastocitosis: Unaafección poco común

La mastocitosis es la proliferación anormal de mastocitos que puede afectar 1 o varios órganos. Esta célula almacena importantes sustancias farmacológicamente activas. Sus manifestaciones más frecuentes son las cutáneas, pero pueden aparecer otras a causa de afectación de órganos como la médula ósea, hígado, bazo, huesos, ganglios linfáticos y tubo digestivo. Existen varios métodos diagnósticos, pero la histología es fundamental. El tratamiento incluye medidas generales y específicas; actualmente el uso del interferón ha cobrado interés.

Mastocytosis is the abnormal proliferation of mastocytes that may affect one or various organs. This cell stores important pharmacologically active substances. Its most frequent manifestations are the cutaneous ones, but other manifestations may appear as a result of the affectation of some organs as the bone marow, the liver, the spleen, the bones, the lymphatic ganglia and the digestive tube. There are different diagnostic methods, but histology is essential. The treatment includes general and specific measures. Interest in using interferon has increased nowadays.